GENOME EVOLUTION
PNAS
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka mōʻaukala home o ka iʻa gula (Carassius auratus)
PacBio |Ilumina |Bionano Genome Map |Hi-C Genome Assembly |Palapala'āina Genetic |GWAS |RNA-Seq
Nā mea nui
1. Ua hōʻano hou ʻia ka genome Goldfish me kahi mana hui kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻopaʻa ana i 95.75% o nā contigs i loko o 50 pseudochromosomes (Scaffold N50=31.84 Mb).Ua wehe ʻia nā subgenom ʻelua.
2. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana genomic o nā sweeps koho i ka wā o ka home mai ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻikepili o 201 mau kānaka, e wehe ana ma luna o 390 mau genes moho e pili ana i nā ʻano home.
3. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo GWAS ma ka hope hope o ka iʻa gula hānai he 378 mau genes moho e pili ana.Ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea hoʻolaha tyrosine-protein kinase ma ke ʻano he moho kumu kumu e pili ana i ka ʻike
Kāpae
ʻO ka iʻa gula (Carassius auratus) kekahi o nā iʻa mahiʻai koʻikoʻi, i hānai ʻia mai ka crucian carp ma Kina kahiko.Ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou e Charles Darwin e like me "Ke hele nei i kahi ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa o ka waihoʻoluʻu, hālāwai mākou me nā hoʻololi ʻoi loa o ka hale".ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole a me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hoʻolilo i ka iʻa gula i ʻōnaehana kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi loa no ka physiology a me ka evolution.
Nā mea i loaʻa
Genome iʻa gula
JʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻaila o PacBio a me Illumina i ka ʻikepili hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lua-hopena e loaʻa ai kahi hui kiʻi 1.657 G mua (Contig N50=474 Kb).Ua hana ʻia ka palapala ʻāina ʻo Bionano a hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hui i 1.73 Gb ka nui (Ka nui genome i manaʻo ʻia: 1.8 Gb).Ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ka hui ʻo Hi-C i ka scaffold N50 mai 606 Kb a i 31.84 Mb a loaʻa iā 95.75% (1.65 Gb) a kauoha ʻia i ka pae heleuma.Aia ka genome he 56,251 genes coding a me 10,098 lōʻihi non-coding transcript.Eia kekahi, ua wānana ʻia he 38 mau ʻāpana centromeric mai 50 chromosomes.
Fig.1 i'a gula Genome
TUa ʻike ʻia nā pūʻulu o nā subgenomes i loko o nā chromosomes iʻa gula he 50 i loaʻa mai kahi hanana hybridization kahiko.Ua wehewehe ʻia ka pūʻulu o nā chromosomes me ka hapa nui o nā heluhelu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma waena o ka iʻa gula a me Barbinae he subgenome A (ChrA01~A25), ʻo ia hoʻi ka subgenome maʻamau iā Barbinae, a ʻo ke koena he subgenome B (ChrB01~B25).
ʻO ka home a me ke kāhili koho
AʻO ka huina o 16 ʻano ʻāhiu crucian carps a me 185 mau ʻano ʻano iʻa gula i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hohonu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma kahi o 12.5X, e hana ana i 4.3 terabases o ka ʻikepili.Ua hōʻoia ka phylogenetic reconstruction a me ka PCA analysis i kahi pilina pili loa ma waena o ka iʻa gula maʻamau a me ka carp crucian ma mua o nā iʻa gula ʻē aʻe, a ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua laina.
LKākoʻo ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka palaho D ma luna o ʻehā mau subpopulations i ke ʻano o ka bottleneck genetic heluna kanaka i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ke koho ʻana i ka iʻa gula.ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa (π) mai ka crucian carp a i ka iʻa gula maʻamau a hiki i ka iʻa gula Wen a me ka iʻa gula hua manu i hōʻike ʻia i ka hōʻiliʻili nui ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka wā o kā lākou hānai ʻana.Ua ʻike ʻia he 50 mau ʻāpana genomic sweep e uhi ana i 25.2 Mb a me 946 genes mai ka ʻikepili hōʻike (33 iʻa gula a me 16 crucian crap).ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i 201 mau kānaka, 393 genes i hōʻike i nā ʻāpana o ka hoʻopau koho ʻana.Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau genes i ka ʻokoʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia paha ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia i nā phenotypes e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano hoʻokele waiwai nui o ka iʻa gula.
Fig.3 Genome-wide domestication-related analysis
GWAS ma nā iʻa gula hānai
DʻO ka orsal fin kahi hiʻohiʻona nui e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka iʻa gula ʻo Wen mai ka iʻa gula Egg.Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo GWAS o ka ʻiʻo hope ma 96 Wen iʻa gula a me 87 Egg gula iʻa he 378 mau genes moho i hohola ʻia ma waena o 13 chromosomes a ua ʻike ʻia ka māhele like ʻole o kēia mau genes ma waena o nā subgenomes.ʻO ka loiloi hana ma kēia mau moho moho i hōʻike ʻia i nā kaʻina olaola e like me "Cell surface receptor signaling", "Transmembrane transport", "Skeletal system development", etc.
Fig.4 GWAS o ka hope hope ma ka iʻa gula hānai
In GWAS o nā hiʻohiʻona pili i ka pālākiō, ua ʻike ʻia kahi piko hui ikaika hoʻokahi.Ua ʻike ʻia kahi moʻo e hoʻopili ana i kahi mea hoʻokipa tyrosine-protein kinase ma kekahi o nā wahi moho.
Fig.5 GWAS o na ano pili unahi maopopo
Kuhikuhi
Chen D et al.ʻO ke kumu evolutionary a me ka mōʻaukala home o ka iʻa gula (Carassius auratus).PNAS (2020)
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-04-2022